Annexation is a process by which a municipality, whether a village, town, or city, expands its municipal limits. The procedure by which a municipality annexes land involves the passing of an ordinance by the municipality in which land is annexed. This is followed by the municipality petitioning a court to approve as reasonable the annexation. The court can approve, partially approve, or disapprove the annexation. Jurisprudence from the Mississippi appellate courts has established a criteria by which the reasonableness of an annexation is judged by the court. Annexation litigation is usually expensive and time consuming, as it necessarily involves a legal battle against the sovereign. Frequently, experts are necessary as material witnesses for addressing the merits of the claim. This firm represents municipalities or parties and entities that wish to object to annexation. David Ringer typically handles this type of work.